Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the bone mineral density and the relevant factors in Uighur residents  in Urumqi Tianshan district and to provide basic information and basis for osteoporosis prevention and intervention in this community.MethodsCalcaneal bone mineral density was measured for 773 uighurs in Urumqi Tianshan. The osteoporosis incidence of different genders was compared， meanwhile， visceral fat area， body fat percentage， waist hip ratio， body fat mass， muscle weight， calculating rate of muscle， questionnaire investigation， fasting blood glucose， blood sugar 2 hours after meal， triglycerides (TG)， highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)， low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)， total cholesterol(TC)，body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio were detected. ResultsThe incidence of osteoporosis increased significantly with the age  in male and female(P<0.01)，osteoporosis incidence was higher in female than in male， at the age 50 and 70 years， the osteoporosis incidence increased obviously .Regression analysis showed that the increased age and visceral fat area in male may be risk factors for bone abnormality and the increased BMI in male may be protection factor for bone abnormality; the increased age， menopause and waisttohip ratio in female may be risk factors for bone abnormality， increased BMI and rate of muscle may be protection factors. ConclusionIn Tianshan of Urumqi area， in male， low fat diet， proper exercise and lowing visceral fat area should be performed in order to prevent the occurrence and development of bone abnormalities. Female should try to avoid artificial menopause and abdominal obesity， enhance movement，increase muscle mass， reduce abdominal fat to prevent the occurrence and development of abnormal bone， so as to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.

Key words: osteoporosis；bone density, calcaneus；risk factors