Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the etiology and related factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. MethodsThe clinical data in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were retrospectively analyzed from January 2011 to December 2015. ResultsIn infection factors， pneumonia was considered as the first cause accounting for 33.80%， followed by sepsis accounting for 23.47%; In the noninfection factors， hemolysis was considered as the first cause accounting for 24.65%， followed by perinatal factors accounting for 16.05%. Compared with the preterm infants， the term infants had treatment and jaundice peak at later time and shorter time of hospital stay (P<0.05). Compared with the noninfection infants， the infection infants had smaller gestational age， later time of jaundice appearance and peak， lower decline rate of jaundice and shorter time of hospital (P<0.05). ConclusionInfection is a major cause of high blood bilirubin. To do a good job in perinatal care and hemolytic disease of prenatal screening， prevention of infection and improving the system of the followup after discharge can reduce high blood bilirubin and bilirubin encephalopathy.

Key words: hyperbilirubinemia, newborn, infection, kernicterus