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    20 August 2024, Volume 39 Issue 8
    Longitudinal cohort study of oral health status and cognitive function in the elderly: A meta-analysis
    Wang Lin, Wang Ting, Pu Xiaolan, Ju Mei
    2024, 39(8):  677-683.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.001
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    Objective To explore the correlation between oral health status and the risk of cognitive dysfunction by meta-analysis. Methods Cohort studies on the correlation between oral health status and cognitive function from inception to August 2023 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang, VIP and Duxiu databases. Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data and evaluated the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 34 cohorts were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly with poor oral health status was significantly higher than that in the elderly with good oral health status (RR=1.31, 95%CI 1.18-1.46, P<0.01). The results of subgroup analysis showed that there were significant differences in periodontitis disease, posterior occlusal support, dentition status, and tooth loss (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the oral frailty (RR=1.32, 95%CI 0.96-1.81, P=0.09). There was no significant difference in the risk of oral health status and cognitive impairment in the subgroup with a follow-up time>10 years (RR=1.01, 95%CI 0.83-1.23, P=0.90), but a significant difference was detected in the subgroup with a follow-up time ≤10 years (RR=1.48, 95%CI 1.32-1.67, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the risk of oral health status and cognitive impairment in the moderate quality subgroup (RR=1.05, 95%CI 0.91-1.20, P=0.51), but a significant difference was detected in the high quality subgroup (RR=1.35, 95%CI 1.21-1.51, P<0.01). Conclusion Oral health status is associated with the risk of cognitive dysfunction.

    Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Heller myotomy versus peroral endoscopic myotomy on esophageal achalasia: A meta-analysis
    Ye Zhibo, Li Keyong, Que Changhao, Wang Yaping, Gou Yunjiu
    2024, 39(8):  684-692.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.002
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    Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) versus peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) on esophageal achalasia. Methods Relevant articles reporting the efficacy and safety of LHM versus POEM on esophageal achalasia published up to November 2023 were searched in the PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang database, VIP and China Knowledge Network database (CNKI). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 15 articles were included, including 1 randomized controlled trial, 8 retrospective cohort studies, and 6 prospective non-randomized controlled trials. A total of 1, 439 patients were included, with 696 patients in the LHM group and 743 in the POEM group. Meta-analysis showed that POEM resulted in a significantly lower recurrent rate of postoperative dysphagia (OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.17, 3.44, P=0.01), shorter operative time (MD=22.66, 95%CI 5.57, 39.75, P=0.009), shorter length of stay (MD=0.55, 95%CI 0.38, 0.71, P<0.01), fewer days to return to normal life after surgery (MD=4.49, 95%CI 4.00, 4.97, P<0.01) than those in the LHM group, LHM resulted in a significantly lower incidences of gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR=0.64, 95%CI 0.45, 0.90, P=0.009) and postoperative subcutaneous emphysema (OR=0.33, 95%CI 0.11, 0.99, P=0.05) than those in the POEM group. The incidence of total postoperative complications, postoperative proton pump inhibitors utilization, and postoperative Eckardt score at 6 months were comparable between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with LHM, POEM has more advantages in lowering the recurrence of postoperative dysphagia, operative time, length of stay, and duration to return to normal life after surgery.

    Clinical value of different ultrasound methods in assessing the left anterior descending artery stenosis
    Li Xing, Feng Huaping, Lan Shengfeng, Li Zhiyong
    2024, 39(8):  693-699.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.003
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    Objective To explore the clinical value of different ultrasound methods in assessing the left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the ultrasound data of 240 patients diagnosed as the LAD stenosis by coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital from April 2023 to April 2024, who underwent three different ultrasound evaluation methods, including ventricular wall motion analysis, velocity vector imaging (VVI), and coronary artery flow imaging (CFI). According to the degree of LAD stenosis, patients were divided into the experimental group (stenosis≥50%, n=120) and control group (stenosis<50%, n=120). The wall motion analysis, VVI, and CFI ultrasound characteristics of patients in the two groups were summarized, and the diagnostic efficacy of three different ultrasound methods was analyzed using CAG as the gold standard. Results Wall motion analysis showed that the proportion of regional wall motion abnormalities in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). VVI showed that the longitudinal peak strain of the anterior interval and anterior wall contraction period in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). CFI showed that the diastolic peak velocity of LAD in the experimental group was significantly faster than that of the control group (P<0.05). Using the CAG results as the gold standard, the sensitivity of wall motion analysis for diagnosing LAD stenosis≥50% was 0.467, with the specificity of 0.717, accuracy of 0.591, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.622, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.573. VVI in diagnosing LAD stenosis≥50% had a sensitivity of 0.800, specificity of 0.817, accuracy of 0.808, PPV of 0.813, and NPV of 0.803. CFI in diagnosing LAD stenosis≥50% had a sensitivity of 0.850, specificity of 0.783, accuracy of 0.817, PPV of 0.796, and NPV of 0.839. The consistency test results showed that the consistency between wall motion analysis and CAG was average, with a Kappa value of 0.183. VVI, CFI, and CAG showed a high consistency, with Kappa values of 0.617 and 0.633, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of wall motion analysis, VVI, and CFI in diagnosing LAD stenosis was 0.592, 0.808, and 0.817, respectively. Conclusion Abnormal anterior septal and anterior wall motion, decreased anterior septal and anterior wall longitudinal peak strain, and diastolic peak velocity acceleration of LAD are all diagnostic criteria of wall motion analysis, VVI, and CFI for LAD stenosis. However, the diagnostic efficacy of the former one is significantly lower than the latter two. VVI and CFI have a high diagnostic efficacy in diagnosing LAD stenosis and good consistency with CAG, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

    Association of urinary transferrin with new-onset cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Ma Jiannan, Tao Jie, Sang Dasen, Wu Shouling, Zhang Qi
    2024, 39(8):  700-705.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.004
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    Objective To explore the correlation between urinary transferrin to urinary creatinine ratio (uTRF/Cr) and new onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 8 163 T2DM patients who participated in the 6th health examination in Kailuan and underwent urinary transferrin and urinary creatinine detection were recruited. Subjects were divided into the first group (n=2 721), the second group (n=2 721), and the third group (n=2 721) based on baseline uTRF/Cr. The effects of uTRF/Cr on the risk of CVD were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression model. Results The baseline age of the study population was (60.46±9.96) years, with 78.30% of males, and 0.24(0.16-0.47) mg/mmol of baseline uTRF/Cr. The median follow-up time was 3.85(3.43-4.22) years, with 411(6.79%) of CVD events occurred. The cumulative incidence of total CVD events in the first, second and third groups was 3.81%, 4.65%, and 7.29%, respectively. After adjusting for relevant influencing factors, the risk of total CVD events in the second and third groups of uTRF/Cr was 1.12(95%CI 0.86-1.46) times and 1.52(95%CI 1.18-1.97) times that in the first group, respectively. Conclusion Increased uTRF/Cr is an independent risk factor for CVD in T2DM populations, and the risk of CVD increases with increased uTRF/Cr, even before the onset of macroalbuminuria.

    Correlation of 25(OH)D and SUA/SCr with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    Xiong Lu, Guo Lian
    2024, 39(8):  706-711.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.005
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    Objective To explore the correlation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and serum uric acid and serum creatinine ratio (SUA/SCR) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A cross-sectional study involving 404 T2DM patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University from January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023. They were assigned into the combined group (T2DM combined with NAFLD, n=219) and simple group (T2DM, n=185) based on the comorbidity of NAFLD. Clinical data were collected to analyze the correlation of 25(OH)D and SUA/SCr with other clinical data. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the risk factors of NAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plooted to evaluate the predictive value of 25(OH)D and SUA/SCr in T2DM combined with NAFLD.Results Compared with those of the simple group, patients in the combined group showed significantly higher body weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), SUA, insulin resistance index, and SUA/SCr, but significantly lower age, disease duration, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and 25(OH)D (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and positively correlated with SCr. SUA/SCr was negatively correlated with age, disease duration, SBP and HDL-C, and positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG, TC, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, GGT, and insulin resistance index. Logistic regression analysis showed that SUA/SCr>4.64 and GGT were risk factors for NAFLD in T2DM patients, while disease duration and 25(OH)D were protective factors. ROC curves further suggested that 25(OH)D combined with SUA/SCr had a high value in predicting NALFD in T2DM patients. Conclusion Serum 25(OH)D level decreases in T2DM patients combined with NAFLD, while SUA/SCr increases. 25(OH)D combined with SUA/SCr has a predictive value in diagnosing NAFLD in T2DM patients.

    Risk factors of seizures in patients with central nervous system cystic echinococcosis
    Jiao Fei, Yao Zhiping, Wang Langui
    2024, 39(8):  712-715.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.006
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    Objective To investigate the risk factors of seizures in patients with central nervous system (CNS) cystic echinococcosis (CE). Methods A total of 79 patients with CNS CE admitted to the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital from January 2016 to January 2024 were enrolled. They were assigned into the seizure group and non-seizure group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the risk factors of seizures in patients with CNS CE. Results There were 30 (38.0%) patients with CNS CE in the seizure group. Univariate logistic regression showed that the site, diameter and surrounding brain tissue edema were significantly correlated with the attack of seizure in patients with CNS CE (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that cortical localization, and surrounding brain tissue edema were risk factors of seizure in patients with CNS CE (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of seizure in patients with CNS CE is 38.0%. Cortical localization, and surrounding brain tissue edema are risk factors of seizure in patients with CNS CE. Targeted approaches can be made to prevent and treat CNS CE.

    Multi-parameter flow cytometry identifies regenerating cells with phenotypes similar to minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia
    Fan Qiaozhen, Kang Rui, Zhang Ting
    2024, 39(8):  716-727.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.007
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    Objective To discriminate normal cells with similar phenotypes to minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC). Methods A total of 157 consecutive bone marrow aspirates for routine MRD between March 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Normal cells misrecognized as MRD were identified. Results The following normal cell populations were easily misrecognized as MRD in regenerated bone marrow samples of AML patients after treatment: CD117dimCD56+CD7+CD45strnatural killer (NK) cells, CD19dimCD56+CD7+CD45str natural killer (NK) cells, and CD300e+HLA-DR+CD14partCD64part non-classical monocytes. The median proportion of these cell populations in the bone marrow nucleated cells was 0.084% (range, 0-0.6200%), 0% (range, 0-0.2134%), and 0.1549%(range, 0-2.0940%), respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to avoid a misdiagnosis of normal cells regenerated by bone marrow as MRD by MFC in AML patients after treatment.

    Effect of prolonged early empirical antibiotic exposures on hospitalization outcomes of premature infants
    Xu Yuanyuan, Yu Jianmei, Zhang Xiuli, Li Liangliang, Yin Xiangyun, Li Xianghong
    2024, 39(8):  728-733.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.008
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    Objective To explore the effect of prolonged early empirical antibiotic exposures on the hospitalization outcome of preterm infants by retrospectively analyzing the clinical data of preterm infants born with gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g, and to further guide the rational application of antibiotics in preterm infants. Methods Clinical data of preterm infants born with gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were collected. They were divided into short-term exposure group (≤5 days) and long-term exposure group (>5 days) according to the duration of empirical antibiotic application in the early postnatal period. The complications during hospitalization between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 291 cases were retrospectively included, involving 166 males and 125 females. The median duration of antibiotic use in the short-term and long-term exposure groups was 3 days and 9 days, respectively. Compared with those of the short-term exposure group, cases in the long-term exposure group presented significantly higher incidence of feeding intolerance (FI), and longer duration of half-intestinal feeding, full intestinal feeding and the length of stay (P<0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) was significantly higher in the long-term exposure group than that of the short-term exposure group (P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged antibiotic exposure was associated with increased incidences of FI, BPD, LOS, and composite outcomes during hospitalization. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged exposure of empirical antibiotics was an independent risk factor for FI and BPD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the duration of antibiotic use was positively correlated with the length of stay and the length of whole intestinal feeding. Conclusion Prolonged early empirical antibiotic exposures can increase the risk of BPD in preterm infants, affect intestinal feeding, and lead to a longer length of stay.

    Current situation and influencing factors for the demand for “Internet+Nursing Service” among the elderly in Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, China
    Sun Kejuan, Zhao Yuting, Zhang Xinjie, Ke Guiyin, Zhang Wenjie, Wu Suning
    2024, 39(8):  734-740.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.009
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    Objective In response to the pilot work of “Internet + Nursing service” released by Health Commission of Shijiazhuang, approaches are carried out to more benefit the elderly population in Yuhua District. Methods Through literature review, a questionnaire was designed to survey the elderly in Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City for the demand for “Internet + Nursing service”. Data were processed by SPSS 27.0. The current situation and influencing factors for the demand for “Internet+Nursing Service” among the elderly in Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City were analyzed. Results Area, whether to understand the “nurse on-site service”, education level, monthly medical expenses and living conditions were the independent influencing factors for the demand for “Internet+Nursing service” among the elderly in Yuhua District (P<0.05). Age had no effect on it (P>0.05). Conclusion The proportion of elderly people in Yuhua District who know about “Internet+Nursing Service” is low, but there is a high and diverse demand. It is recommended to establish a market-oriented publicity and promotion plan, and carry out a comprehensive and strict “Internet+” qualification and competence assessment for at-home nurses.

    Cardiopulmonary ultrasound-based initial diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: Literature reviews of nine cases
    Zhao Haotian, Yan Yaru, Liu Yuanlin, Long Ling, Li Li
    2024, 39(8):  741-746.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.010
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    Objective To explore the imaging characteristics and diagnostic points of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) underwent cardiopulmonary ultrasound as the initial diagnosis. Methods Nine patients with an initial diagnosis of ARDS in our hospital from November 2018 to March 2022 through bedside ultrasound were selected. The imaging features and summarize diagnostic points were analyzed, as well as clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, prognosis, and other clinical characteristics. Results Among the nine cases of ARDS, left cardiogenic dyspnea was excluded by echocardiography in eight cases, and one case showed imaging findings of an increase in left ventricular filling pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, but excluded for cardiogenic pulmonary edema by lung ultrasound. There were four cases of right ventricular enlargement, three cases of decreased right ventricular systolic function, and seven cases of increased pulmonary artery pressure. Five cases of inferior vena cava dilation and eight cases of reduced inferior vena cava variability were detected. Compared with the Berlin Definition of ARDS, ultrasonic diagnosis of ARDS was significantly shorter (14.22±3.77 min vs 65.78±17.90 min, P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound is helpful as an imaging tool for early diagnosis and evaluation of ARDS, as well as for evaluating lung exudation, volume load, cardiac function, and circulatory status, providing reference for clinical physicians in next diagnosis and treatment decisions.

    Congenital drug-resistant tuberculosis combined with bronchial granuloma: A case report and literature review
    Mu Shiyin, Zou Yingxue, Guo Yongsheng, Zhai Jia, Huang Bing
    2024, 39(8):  747-751.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2024.08.011
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    Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of a case of congenital drug-resistant tuberculosis combined with bronchial granuloma, thus summarizing the clinical experience and providing references for clinical management. Methods Clinical data of a child with congenital drug-resistant tuberculosis combined with bronchial granuloma admitted to our department on April 22, 2022 were analyzed, including the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. Results The child was prematurely, vaginally delivered at 34 weeks and 4 days of gestation, in an in vitro fertilization. At 40 days of age, the child developed symptoms of cough, wheezing, and fever, and repeatedly hospitalized for pneumonia. The mother of the child underwent in vitro artificial insemination due to tubal obstruction, and presented a history of obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis. Physical examination on admission showed rapid breathing, positivity for the Hoover's sign, slightly low respiratory sounds in the right lung, and wheezing sounds in both lungs. Lung CT showed multiple inflammatory consolidations and multiple nodules in both lungs, and extensive granulation tissue proliferation in bilateral bronchi on fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The tissue polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TB-PCR) test showed positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the alveolar lavage fluid, and second-generation sequencing consistently showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The child was treated by oral rifampicin, isoniazid, and linezolid for antituberculosis therapy. One month after discharge, a follow-up lung CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed disease progression. The rifampicin fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection(X-pert MTB/RIF) assay indicated rifampicin resistance, and the child was then treated with a quadruple anti-tuberculosis therapy of levofloxacin, linezolid, pyrazinamide, and isoniazid. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedures, including granuloma electrocoagulation and resection, cryotherapy, and foreign body forceps extraction were performed for multiple times to relieve airway obstruction. The child had regular follow-up visits and underwent interventional therapy under fiberoptic bronchoscopy for nearly 7 months. At present, the child had a stable breathing, well-ventilated in both lungs, and no adverse drug reactions. The follow-up is ongoing. Conclusion Symptoms of congenital tuberculosis are atypical, and prone to a missed diagnosis. It is necessary to strengthen the application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Tubal blockage leading to infertility in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer may be the main cause of congenital tuberculosis. In addition, sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance gene testing can guide clinical medication in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, there is currently limited guidance and treatment plans for drug-resistant tuberculosis in infants and young children, and the further research is needed.