Abstract:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and is characterized by the presence of variety of autoantibodies， episodic flares and elevated mortality despite therapy. The etiology of SLE remains poorly known. In recent years， a wide range of mechanismsdirected researches are being developed， coupled with the progress of diagnostic performance and treatment， as well as remarkable improvement in prognosis. Here， we provide an update on the development of classification criteria and treatment  regimens of SLE，aiming to improve the monitoring， management and， ultimately， the prognosis of SLE.

Key words: lupus erythematosus, systemic, lupus nephritis；diagnosis；clinical protocols