Abstract: Objective  To explore the distribution and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in children in a top three hospital. Methods  All samples from August 2018 to July 2019 were collected, including sputum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, alveolar lavage fluid, pus, pharyngeal swab, and etc (the same kind of children's samples  not  included repeatedly). Then identification and drug sensitivity test of pathogen strains were performed. Results  Among 1 903 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 401 (73.62%) were children under 3 years old, 423 (22.20%) were children aged from 3 to 5 years old and 71 (3.73%) were children over 5 years old. The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children within 5 years old  was  the highest, with a total of  1 832starins(96.27%). In different areas of the hospital, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection was the most common at department of paediatrics (59.85%), followed by department of respiratory (19.02%). The sputum was the most as a source of samples(79.09%),  followed by blood (7.62%). The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was the highest in winter, And the detection rate was significantly higher in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer (P<0.05).  The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae  to erythromycin, tetracycline and compound neoforman were 96.38%, 84.06% and 64.74%, respectively. No vancomycin and linezolid resistant strains were found. The sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, etapamil, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin and chloramphenicol was over 80%.Conclusion  Children under 5 years old are prone to Streptococcus pneumoniae  infection. Clinicians should choose antibiotics carefully and reasonably according to the results of drug sensitivity. At present, the third generation of cephalosporins can still be the first choice for treatment.

Key words: Streptococcus pneumoniae, children, drug resistance, antibiotics