Abstract: Objective  To compare the clinical efficacy for treatment of malignant hematological disease in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HaploSCT) and human leukocyte antigen identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (human leukocyte antigen matched sibling donor transplantation， MSDT).  Methods   Fiftyeight patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing related haploidentical (n=33) and HLAidentical sibling (n=25) in our hospital were enrolled for a retrospective analysis.  The clinical efficacy and related risk factors of post transplantation overall survival（OS）  were analyzed.  The therapeutic effects of the two treatments and the risk factors related to overall survival (OS)  were evaluated.Results  ①Haploidentical and identical sibling cohorts were successfully engrafted. ②The cumulative incidences of grades Ⅱ to  Ⅳ acute graftversushost disease (aGVHD) and grades Ⅲ  to Ⅳ  aGVHD in the mismatched and matched cohorts were 33.3% versus 24%(P=0.261) and 18.2% versus 8%(P=0.611)， respectively. ③Oneyear leukemiafree survival (LFS) and twoyear OS in mismatched and matched cohorts were 77% vs 61% (P=0.211) and 72% vs 61% (P=0.118)， respectively. ④Multivariate analysis showed that only relapse after alloHSCT (P=0.033) were risk factors for OS.Conclusion  For patients with hematological malignancies lacking matched sibling donor，HLAhaploidentical donors were an alternative stem cell source.

Key words: haploidentical stem cell transplantation, hematologic neoplasms, graftversushost disease