Risk factors for constipation in patients with chronic kidney disease in Gansu province: a single-center study

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.01.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of constipation among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Gansu province, and to analyze potential risk factors. Methods CKD patients in the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Center & Clinical Medical School of the Second Hospital, Lanzhou University were surveyed by a constipation questionnaire developed according to the Rome III criteria during the two periods of July 2022 to August 2022, and January 2023 to February 2023 via the WJX platform. At the same time, demographics, hemodialysis-related data, laboratory parameters, and use of drugs such as iron and phosphorus binders were collected. Results Totally 279 adult CKD patients older than 18 years were enrolled, including 191 hemodialysis patients and 88 non-dialysis patients. The prevalence of constipation in CKD stage 1-2, 3-4, and 5 patients was 36.2%, 45.8%, and 29.8%, respectively. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary diabetic nephropathy (OR=4.694, 95% CI 1.436-15.350, P=0.011) was a significant risk factor for constipation in non-dialysis patients. High serum triglyceride (TG) (OR=1.493, 95% CI 1.082-2.060, P=0.015) was a risk factor for constipation in CKD patients receiving hemodialysis. The risk factors for constipation in CKD patients included the use of phosphorus binding agents (OR=1.669, 95% CI 1.001-2.784, P=0.049) and use of iron agents (OR=1.745, 95% CI 1.047-2.909, P=0.033), high serum glucose (Glu)(OR=1.070, 95% CI 1.008-1.135, P=0.026) and TG (OR=1.254, 95% CI 1.017-1.546, P=0.034). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that female (OR=3.258, 95% CI 1.022-10.386, P=0.046) and diabetic nephropathy (OR=13.863, 95% CI 1.815-105.901, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for constipation in non-dialysis patients. In addition, diabetic nephropathy (OR=2.137, 95% CI 1.015-4.499, P=0.046) was a risk factor for constipation in CKD patients. Conclusion Diabetic nephropathy is an independent risk factor for constipation in CKD patients. The female gender represents an independent risk factor for constipation in non-dialysis patients.

Key words: renal insufficiency, chronic, constipation, prevalence, risk factors

CLC Number:

R692.5

Pu Qian, Cheng Gang, Dao Jiecao, Qi Zizhao, Dou Lele, Zhao Junfang, Zhang Wenjun, Guo Caixia, Wang Yingying. Risk factors for constipation in patients with chronic kidney disease in Gansu province: a single-center study[J]. Clinical Focus, 2025, 40(1): 44-53.

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URL: https://huicui.hebmu.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.01.007

https://huicui.hebmu.edu.cn/EN/Y2025/V40/I1/44

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Prevalence of constipation in CKD patients

Fig. 2 Prevalence of constipation in CKD patients at different stages

Tab. 1 Basic characteristics of CKD patients with and without constipation ( n=279)

因素	CKD 1~2期( $n$ =47)			CKD 3~4期( $n$ =24)			CKD 5期( $n$ =208)
因素	便秘( $n$ =17)	非便秘( $n$ =30)	$P$ 值	便秘( $n$ =11)	非便秘( $n$ =13)	$P$ 值	便秘( $n$ =62)	非便秘( $n$ =146)	$P$ 值
年龄(岁)	44.71±16.16	48.63±15.2	0.410	62.27±11.74	50.23±18.58	0.068	53.65±16.38	50.21±13.88	0.124
性别(%)
女	47.1	33.3	0.352	45.5	30.8	0.459	37.1	33.6	0.624
原发病(%)			0.558			0.044			0.701
不明	0.0	3.3		9.1	0.0		11.3	15.8
肾小球肾炎	11.8	23.3		9.1	15.4		12.9	14.4
糖尿病肾病	17.6	6.7		72.7	15.4		38.7	31.5
IgA肾病	5.9	6.7		0.0	15.4		1.6	4.1
肾病综合征	0.0	6.7		0.0	7.7		14.5	10.3
其他	64.7	53.3		9.1	46.2		21.0	24.0
BMI(kg/m²)	25.58±5.33	24.9±3.27	0.591	25.21±1.67	23.7±4.34	0.288	22.95±3.55	22.83±3.83	0.823
血压(mmHg)
SBP	127.65±21.45	134.7±26.74	0.357	146.27±23.72	140.38±23.71	0.551	145.45±19.04	142.84±21.13	0.404
DBP	78.18±9.84	86.2±16.46	0.074	83.36±13.78	88±15.63	0.453	82.1±16.05	81.82±14.78	0.902
CRP(mg/L)	1.97±2.37	4.67±6.75	0.054	1.32±1.47	4.69±6.43	0.104	7.53±8.4	7.01±6.31	0.628
IL-6(pg/ml)	12.87±7.81	14.9±10.22	0.484	14.81±7.45	23.84±42.72	0.497	18.01±8.02	21.6±30.72	0.366
PCT(ng/ml)	0.18±0.34	0.3±0.42	0.334	0.28±0.4	0.51±0.72	0.353	1.51±3.3	1.35±3.77	0.775
WBC(10⁹/L)	8.14±3.25	9.14±3.96	0.380	6.06±2.03	6.21±2.96	0.888	6.93±10.56	5.93±2.34	0.278
HGB(g/L)	140.06±17.12	142.17±20.44	0.721	121.36±24.62	113.92±31.15	0.529	101.08±29.53	100.14±20.43	0.793
PLT(10⁹/L)	196.82±68.27	218.3±58.09	0.259	193.18±84.26	178.77±67.7	0.647	160.25±73.83	166.75±75.82	0.570
CREA(μmol/L)	64.05±23.96	80.61±22.2	0.021	194.86±90.21	208.78±106.37	0.736	867.83±375.75	897.52±315	0.558
GLU(mmol/L)	7.03±3.23	5.97±2.49	0.213	9.22±7.37	6.22±2.58	0.184	8.11±5.26	7.01±3.8	0.141
ALB(g/L)	29.26±7.86	31.25±8.82	0.445	34.47±9.63	32.35±6.59	0.530	36.23±9.38	38.31±7.05	0.081
CHO(mmol/L)	6.08±1.94	5.81±2.08	0.668	4.91±1.35	5.14±2.39	0.777	3.53±1.3	3.44±1.11	0.605
TG(mmol/L)	2.72±2.25	2.33±1.09	0.429	2.22±0.96	2.42±1.28	0.668	1.93±1.09	1.61±0.98	0.042
K⁺(mmol/L)	3.86±0.56	3.86±0.48	0.992	4.03±0.64	3.98±0.36	0.796	4.73±0.74	4.78±0.74	0.660
Na⁺(mmol/L)	136.82±3.06	138.4±1.98	0.068	135.95±3.14	137.17±4.82	0.479	136.16±3.03	137.09±3.12	0.046
CO₂(mmol/L)	25.71±3.54	25.53±2.22	0.852	23.62±2.85	22.51±3.29	0.391	25.06±10.69	24.74±9.2	0.823
Ca²⁺(mmol/L)	2.09±0.18	2.14±0.18	0.391	2.17±0.26	2.1±0.19	0.483	2.17±0.34	2.34±1.64	0.409
P(mmol/L)	1.15±0.14	1.12±0.3	0.675	1.18±0.13	1.22±0.31	0.662	1.63±0.73	1.7±0.58	0.493
BUN(mmol/L)	6.35±1.76	8.46±6.87	0.223	14.56±5.55	12.36±7.77	0.442	24.41±8.23	23.99±5.7	0.674
PTH(pg/ml)	140.06±17.12	142.17±20.44	0.787	155.01±117.84	235.33±207.26	0.268	392.78±257.99	397.12±255.4	0.911

Tab. 1 Basic characteristics of CKD patients with and without constipation ( n=279)

因素	CKD 1~2期( $n$ =47)			CKD 3~4期( $n$ =24)			CKD 5期( $n$ =208)
因素	便秘( $n$ =17)	非便秘( $n$ =30)	$P$ 值	便秘( $n$ =11)	非便秘( $n$ =13)	$P$ 值	便秘( $n$ =62)	非便秘( $n$ =146)	$P$ 值
年龄(岁)	44.71±16.16	48.63±15.2	0.410	62.27±11.74	50.23±18.58	0.068	53.65±16.38	50.21±13.88	0.124
性别(%)
女	47.1	33.3	0.352	45.5	30.8	0.459	37.1	33.6	0.624
原发病(%)			0.558			0.044			0.701
不明	0.0	3.3		9.1	0.0		11.3	15.8
肾小球肾炎	11.8	23.3		9.1	15.4		12.9	14.4
糖尿病肾病	17.6	6.7		72.7	15.4		38.7	31.5
IgA肾病	5.9	6.7		0.0	15.4		1.6	4.1
肾病综合征	0.0	6.7		0.0	7.7		14.5	10.3
其他	64.7	53.3		9.1	46.2		21.0	24.0
BMI(kg/m²)	25.58±5.33	24.9±3.27	0.591	25.21±1.67	23.7±4.34	0.288	22.95±3.55	22.83±3.83	0.823
血压(mmHg)
SBP	127.65±21.45	134.7±26.74	0.357	146.27±23.72	140.38±23.71	0.551	145.45±19.04	142.84±21.13	0.404
DBP	78.18±9.84	86.2±16.46	0.074	83.36±13.78	88±15.63	0.453	82.1±16.05	81.82±14.78	0.902
CRP(mg/L)	1.97±2.37	4.67±6.75	0.054	1.32±1.47	4.69±6.43	0.104	7.53±8.4	7.01±6.31	0.628
IL-6(pg/ml)	12.87±7.81	14.9±10.22	0.484	14.81±7.45	23.84±42.72	0.497	18.01±8.02	21.6±30.72	0.366
PCT(ng/ml)	0.18±0.34	0.3±0.42	0.334	0.28±0.4	0.51±0.72	0.353	1.51±3.3	1.35±3.77	0.775
WBC(10⁹/L)	8.14±3.25	9.14±3.96	0.380	6.06±2.03	6.21±2.96	0.888	6.93±10.56	5.93±2.34	0.278
HGB(g/L)	140.06±17.12	142.17±20.44	0.721	121.36±24.62	113.92±31.15	0.529	101.08±29.53	100.14±20.43	0.793
PLT(10⁹/L)	196.82±68.27	218.3±58.09	0.259	193.18±84.26	178.77±67.7	0.647	160.25±73.83	166.75±75.82	0.570
CREA(μmol/L)	64.05±23.96	80.61±22.2	0.021	194.86±90.21	208.78±106.37	0.736	867.83±375.75	897.52±315	0.558
GLU(mmol/L)	7.03±3.23	5.97±2.49	0.213	9.22±7.37	6.22±2.58	0.184	8.11±5.26	7.01±3.8	0.141
ALB(g/L)	29.26±7.86	31.25±8.82	0.445	34.47±9.63	32.35±6.59	0.530	36.23±9.38	38.31±7.05	0.081
CHO(mmol/L)	6.08±1.94	5.81±2.08	0.668	4.91±1.35	5.14±2.39	0.777	3.53±1.3	3.44±1.11	0.605
TG(mmol/L)	2.72±2.25	2.33±1.09	0.429	2.22±0.96	2.42±1.28	0.668	1.93±1.09	1.61±0.98	0.042
K⁺(mmol/L)	3.86±0.56	3.86±0.48	0.992	4.03±0.64	3.98±0.36	0.796	4.73±0.74	4.78±0.74	0.660
Na⁺(mmol/L)	136.82±3.06	138.4±1.98	0.068	135.95±3.14	137.17±4.82	0.479	136.16±3.03	137.09±3.12	0.046
CO₂(mmol/L)	25.71±3.54	25.53±2.22	0.852	23.62±2.85	22.51±3.29	0.391	25.06±10.69	24.74±9.2	0.823
Ca²⁺(mmol/L)	2.09±0.18	2.14±0.18	0.391	2.17±0.26	2.1±0.19	0.483	2.17±0.34	2.34±1.64	0.409
P(mmol/L)	1.15±0.14	1.12±0.3	0.675	1.18±0.13	1.22±0.31	0.662	1.63±0.73	1.7±0.58	0.493
BUN(mmol/L)	6.35±1.76	8.46±6.87	0.223	14.56±5.55	12.36±7.77	0.442	24.41±8.23	23.99±5.7	0.674
PTH(pg/ml)	140.06±17.12	142.17±20.44	0.787	155.01±117.84	235.33±207.26	0.268	392.78±257.99	397.12±255.4	0.911

Tab. 2 Collinearity analysis of independent variables

因素	所有CKD患者		HD组		CKD非透析
因素	容差	VIF	容差	VIF	容差	VIF
透析模式	0.092	10.837
季节	0.192	5.204	0.316	3.169
超滤量			0.074	13.533
年龄	0.290	3.447	0.256	3.899	0.218	4.577
性别	0.290	3.443	0.325	3.078	0.147	6.797
原发病	0.215	4.656	0.155	6.447	0.427	2.344
铁剂使用	0.213	4.699	0.156	6.410	0.484	2.067
磷剂使用	0.711	1.407	0.669	1.495	0.554	1.805
BMI	0.026	38.780	0.022	45.331	0.018	54.618
CRP	0.482	2.074	0.374	2.677	0.582	1.718
IL-6	0.566	1.768	0.577	1.732	0.252	3.961
PCT	0.637	1.571	0.581	1.722	0.312	3.201
WBC	0.068	14.623	0.038	26.493	0.086	11.563
HGB	0.035	28.521	0.033	30.026	0.019	54.019
PLT	0.083	12.110	0.084	11.845	0.066	15.259
CREA	0.067	15.014	0.055	18.150	0.130	7.692
GLU	0.182	5.487	0.157	6.359	0.182	5.483
ALB	0.027	37.211	0.015	67.722	0.012	80.719
CHO	0.067	14.980	0.050	20.145	0.046	21.642
TG	0.192	5.220	0.145	6.914	0.167	5.977
K⁺	0.141	7.089	0.071	14.035	0.016	64.146
Na⁺	0.015	68.838	0.011	91.350	0.010	95.917
CO₂	0.035	28.392	0.041	24.217	0.009	105.720
Ca²⁺	0.068	14.622	0.074	13.519	0.003	338.749
P	0.065	15.489	0.064	15.509	0.030	33.644
BUN	0.061	16.496	0.035	28.425	0.101	9.902
PTH	0.258	3.873	0.247	4.049	0.196	5.111

Tab. 3 Analysis of risk factors for constipation in per-dialysis patients with CKD

因素	单因素logistics回归			多因素logistics回归
因素	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值
年龄
≥65岁	1.145	0.394~3.327	0.803	0.295	0.053~1.648	0.164
性别
女	1.863	0.763~4.547	0.172	3.258	1.022~10.386	0.046
原发病
不明	0.361	0.039~3.341	0.370	0.682	0.049~9.559	0.776
肾小球肾炎	0.722	0.165~3.156	0.665	0.735	0.136~3.969	0.721
糖尿病肾病	4.694	1.436~15.350	0.011	13.863	1.815~105.901	0.011
IgA肾病	0.433	0.046~4.125	0.467	0.671	0.059~7.625	0.748
肾病综合征	1.083	0.174~6.753	0.932	6.315	0.502~79.387	0.154
其他
磷结合剂	0.429	0.128~1.437	0.170	0.675	0.132~3.463	0.638
铁剂	0.613	0.196~1.912	0.399	0.295	0.053~1.648	0.164
BMI	1.041	0.936~1.158	0.455
CRP	0.999	0.943~1.058	0.969	0.966	0.894~1.044	0.386
IL-6	0.995	0.969~1.021	0.686	1.011	0.970~1.054	0.605
PCT	0.662	0.244~1.796	0.418	0.756	0.155~3.681	0.729
WBC	0.970	0.856~1.100	0.636
HGB	1.002	0.988~1.017	0.756
PLT	0.998	0.991~1.004	0.464
CREA	0.999	0.997~1.001	0.413	0.999	0.996~1.003	0.644
Glu	1.120	0.984~1.274	0.086	1.026	0.868~1.211	0.767
ALB	0.982	0.930~1.037	0.513
CHO	1.025	0.823~1.276	0.828
TG	1.054	0.787~1.412	0.724	0.981	0.694~1.387	0.912
K⁺	0.708	0.339~1.480	0.359
Na⁺	0.852	0.727~0.999	0.049
CO₂	1.065	0.936~1.212	0.339
Ca²⁺	1.633	0.200~13.308	0.647
P	0.602	0.157~2.312	0.460
BUN	0.993	0.946~1.042	0.772	1.005	0.914~1.105	0.923
PTH	0.999	0.997~1.001	0.288	0.999	0.996~1.002	0.466

Tab. 3 Analysis of risk factors for constipation in per-dialysis patients with CKD

因素	单因素logistics回归			多因素logistics回归
因素	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值
年龄
≥65岁	1.145	0.394~3.327	0.803	0.295	0.053~1.648	0.164
性别
女	1.863	0.763~4.547	0.172	3.258	1.022~10.386	0.046
原发病
不明	0.361	0.039~3.341	0.370	0.682	0.049~9.559	0.776
肾小球肾炎	0.722	0.165~3.156	0.665	0.735	0.136~3.969	0.721
糖尿病肾病	4.694	1.436~15.350	0.011	13.863	1.815~105.901	0.011
IgA肾病	0.433	0.046~4.125	0.467	0.671	0.059~7.625	0.748
肾病综合征	1.083	0.174~6.753	0.932	6.315	0.502~79.387	0.154
其他
磷结合剂	0.429	0.128~1.437	0.170	0.675	0.132~3.463	0.638
铁剂	0.613	0.196~1.912	0.399	0.295	0.053~1.648	0.164
BMI	1.041	0.936~1.158	0.455
CRP	0.999	0.943~1.058	0.969	0.966	0.894~1.044	0.386
IL-6	0.995	0.969~1.021	0.686	1.011	0.970~1.054	0.605
PCT	0.662	0.244~1.796	0.418	0.756	0.155~3.681	0.729
WBC	0.970	0.856~1.100	0.636
HGB	1.002	0.988~1.017	0.756
PLT	0.998	0.991~1.004	0.464
CREA	0.999	0.997~1.001	0.413	0.999	0.996~1.003	0.644
Glu	1.120	0.984~1.274	0.086	1.026	0.868~1.211	0.767
ALB	0.982	0.930~1.037	0.513
CHO	1.025	0.823~1.276	0.828
TG	1.054	0.787~1.412	0.724	0.981	0.694~1.387	0.912
K⁺	0.708	0.339~1.480	0.359
Na⁺	0.852	0.727~0.999	0.049
CO₂	1.065	0.936~1.212	0.339
Ca²⁺	1.633	0.200~13.308	0.647
P	0.602	0.157~2.312	0.460
BUN	0.993	0.946~1.042	0.772	1.005	0.914~1.105	0.923
PTH	0.999	0.997~1.001	0.288	0.999	0.996~1.002	0.466

Fig. 3 Prevalence of constipation by different ultrafiltration volumes in HD

Tab. 4 Risk factors for constipation in patients with HD

因素	单因素logistics回归			多因素logistics回归
因素	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值
年龄
≥65岁	1.309	0.626~2.740	0.474	1.314	0.591~2.924	0.503
季节
夏秋	0.797	0.430~1.479	0.473	0.921	0.450~1.888	0.823
性别
女	1.110	0.582~2.115	0.751	1.355	0.665~2.762	0.403
原发病
不明	0.927	0.313~2.750	0.892	0.959	0.294~3.135	0.945
肾小球肾炎	0.908	0.312~2.571	0.856	1.034	0.341~3.130	0.953
糖尿病肾病	1.192	0.522~2.722	0.676	1.254	0.507~3.104	0.624
IgA肾病	0.477	0.051~4.491	0.518	0.428	0.043~4.307	0.472
肾病综合征	1.192	0.391~3.635	0.757	1.074	0.328~3.513	0.906
其他
磷结合剂
使用	0.657	0.310~1.392	0.273	0.770	0.330~1.796	0.545
铁剂
使用	0.520	0.249~1.085	0.082	0.614	0.276~1.367	0.233
超滤量
>3 000 ml	0.731	0.166~3.217	0.678
2 000~3 000 ml	1.073	0.244~4.712	0.925
1 000~2 000 ml	0.824	0.180~3.763	0.807
<1 000 ml
BMI	1.019	0.935~1.111	0.667
CRP	0.977	0.927~1.030	0.387	0.980	0.927~1.035	0.468
IL-6	0.995	0.894~1.020	0.168	0.979	0.915~1.049	0.549
PCT	1.008	0.932~1.090	0.845	1.010	0.928~1.099	0.816
WBC	1.023	0.972~1.076	0.387
HGB	1.003	0.990~1.016	0.662
PLT	0.999	0.995~1.004	0.744
CREA	1.000	0.999~1.001	0.384
GLU	1.059	0.990~1.133	0.098	1.025	0.948~1.108	0.536
ALB	0.971	0.935~1.007	0.116
CHO	1.131	0.853~1.500	0.392
TG	1.493	1.082~2.060	0.015	1.395	0.973~2.000	0.070
K⁺	1.036	0.943~1.137	0.463
Na⁺	0.992	0.977~1.007	0.294
CO₂	1.002	0.972~1.033	0.898
Ca²⁺	0.547	0.197~1.518	0.247
P	0.851	0.524~1.383	0.515
BUN	0.998	0.950~1.049	0.947
PTH	1.000	0.999~1.001	0.968

Tab. 4 Risk factors for constipation in patients with HD

因素	单因素logistics回归			多因素logistics回归
因素	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值
年龄
≥65岁	1.309	0.626~2.740	0.474	1.314	0.591~2.924	0.503
季节
夏秋	0.797	0.430~1.479	0.473	0.921	0.450~1.888	0.823
性别
女	1.110	0.582~2.115	0.751	1.355	0.665~2.762	0.403
原发病
不明	0.927	0.313~2.750	0.892	0.959	0.294~3.135	0.945
肾小球肾炎	0.908	0.312~2.571	0.856	1.034	0.341~3.130	0.953
糖尿病肾病	1.192	0.522~2.722	0.676	1.254	0.507~3.104	0.624
IgA肾病	0.477	0.051~4.491	0.518	0.428	0.043~4.307	0.472
肾病综合征	1.192	0.391~3.635	0.757	1.074	0.328~3.513	0.906
其他
磷结合剂
使用	0.657	0.310~1.392	0.273	0.770	0.330~1.796	0.545
铁剂
使用	0.520	0.249~1.085	0.082	0.614	0.276~1.367	0.233
超滤量
>3 000 ml	0.731	0.166~3.217	0.678
2 000~3 000 ml	1.073	0.244~4.712	0.925
1 000~2 000 ml	0.824	0.180~3.763	0.807
<1 000 ml
BMI	1.019	0.935~1.111	0.667
CRP	0.977	0.927~1.030	0.387	0.980	0.927~1.035	0.468
IL-6	0.995	0.894~1.020	0.168	0.979	0.915~1.049	0.549
PCT	1.008	0.932~1.090	0.845	1.010	0.928~1.099	0.816
WBC	1.023	0.972~1.076	0.387
HGB	1.003	0.990~1.016	0.662
PLT	0.999	0.995~1.004	0.744
CREA	1.000	0.999~1.001	0.384
GLU	1.059	0.990~1.133	0.098	1.025	0.948~1.108	0.536
ALB	0.971	0.935~1.007	0.116
CHO	1.131	0.853~1.500	0.392
TG	1.493	1.082~2.060	0.015	1.395	0.973~2.000	0.070
K⁺	1.036	0.943~1.137	0.463
Na⁺	0.992	0.977~1.007	0.294
CO₂	1.002	0.972~1.033	0.898
Ca²⁺	0.547	0.197~1.518	0.247
P	0.851	0.524~1.383	0.515
BUN	0.998	0.950~1.049	0.947
PTH	1.000	0.999~1.001	0.968

Tab. 5 Constipation risk factor analysis in all CKD patients

因素	单因素logistics回归			多因素logistics回归
因素	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值
年龄
≥65岁	0.800	0.436~1.467	0.470	1.062	0.549~2.057	0.858
季节
夏秋	0.739	0.435~1.255	0.263	0.924	0.489~1.745	0.808
性别
女	1.333	0.794~2.240	0.277	1.665	0.944~2.937	0.078
原发病
不明	0.760	0.300~1.922	0.562	1.026	0.378~2.784	0.960
肾小球肾炎	0.836	0.362~1.928	0.674	1.098	0.453~2.663	0.836
糖尿病肾病	1.596	0.843~3.022	0.151	2.140	1.016~4.511	0.045
IgA肾病	0.456	0.093~2.235	0.333	0.529	0.103~2.710	0.445
肾病综合征	1.140	0.451~2.884	0.782	1.634	0.614~4.348	0.325
其他
磷结合剂	1.669	1.001~2.784	0.049	0.744	0.377~1.468	0.393
铁剂	1.745	1.047~2.909	0.033	0.660	0.345~1.266	0.211
HD	0.763	0.448~1.300	0.320
BMI	1.034	0.970~1.104	0.304
CRP	0.983	0.945~1.022	0.383	0.987	0.947~1.028	0.522
IL-6	0.985	0.958~1.013	0.285	0.992	0.972~1.012	0.406
PCT	0.998	0.921~1.082	0.965	1.026	0.947~1.111	0.528
WBC	1.018	0.974~1.064	0.435
HGB	1.004	0.995~1.013	0.375
PLT	0.999	0.996~1.003	0.633
CREA	1.000	0.999~1.000	0.128
GLU	1.070	1.008~1.135	0.026	1.045	0.973~1.121	0.225
ALB	0.972	0.944~1.001	0.058
CHO	1.087	0.940~1.257	0.259
TG	1.254	1.017~1.546	0.034	1.128	0.890~1.428	0.319
K⁺	1.026	0.968~1.089	0.386	1.034	0.909~1.176	0.613
Na⁺	0.989	0.975~1.003	0.115
CO₂	1.004	0.976~1.033	0.782
Ca²⁺	0.630	0.259~1.530	0.308
P	0.778	0.506~1.197	0.253
BUN	0.989	0.962~1.017	0.424
PTH	1.000	0.999~1.001	0.486

Tab. 5 Constipation risk factor analysis in all CKD patients

因素	单因素logistics回归			多因素logistics回归
因素	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值	$O R$ 值	95% $C I$	$P$ 值
年龄
≥65岁	0.800	0.436~1.467	0.470	1.062	0.549~2.057	0.858
季节
夏秋	0.739	0.435~1.255	0.263	0.924	0.489~1.745	0.808
性别
女	1.333	0.794~2.240	0.277	1.665	0.944~2.937	0.078
原发病
不明	0.760	0.300~1.922	0.562	1.026	0.378~2.784	0.960
肾小球肾炎	0.836	0.362~1.928	0.674	1.098	0.453~2.663	0.836
糖尿病肾病	1.596	0.843~3.022	0.151	2.140	1.016~4.511	0.045
IgA肾病	0.456	0.093~2.235	0.333	0.529	0.103~2.710	0.445
肾病综合征	1.140	0.451~2.884	0.782	1.634	0.614~4.348	0.325
其他
磷结合剂	1.669	1.001~2.784	0.049	0.744	0.377~1.468	0.393
铁剂	1.745	1.047~2.909	0.033	0.660	0.345~1.266	0.211
HD	0.763	0.448~1.300	0.320
BMI	1.034	0.970~1.104	0.304
CRP	0.983	0.945~1.022	0.383	0.987	0.947~1.028	0.522
IL-6	0.985	0.958~1.013	0.285	0.992	0.972~1.012	0.406
PCT	0.998	0.921~1.082	0.965	1.026	0.947~1.111	0.528
WBC	1.018	0.974~1.064	0.435
HGB	1.004	0.995~1.013	0.375
PLT	0.999	0.996~1.003	0.633
CREA	1.000	0.999~1.000	0.128
GLU	1.070	1.008~1.135	0.026	1.045	0.973~1.121	0.225
ALB	0.972	0.944~1.001	0.058
CHO	1.087	0.940~1.257	0.259
TG	1.254	1.017~1.546	0.034	1.128	0.890~1.428	0.319
K⁺	1.026	0.968~1.089	0.386	1.034	0.909~1.176	0.613
Na⁺	0.989	0.975~1.003	0.115
CO₂	1.004	0.976~1.033	0.782
Ca²⁺	0.630	0.259~1.530	0.308
P	0.778	0.506~1.197	0.253
BUN	0.989	0.962~1.017	0.424
PTH	1.000	0.999~1.001	0.486

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