Abstract: Cerebrovascular disease is a disorder with high incidence， high disability and high mortality. The most common risk factors associated with cerebrovascular disease include aging， hypertension， diabetes， atrial fibrillation， dyslipidemia， bad living habits and so on. It is currently believed that about 5%10% of cerebrovascular diseases can be attributed to monogenic hereditary diseases. Such patients often show ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with onset of middleaged and young age， often accompanied by multisystem involvements. In this paper， we classified the monogenic hereditary cerebrovascular diseases from the perspective of the pathophysiology， and then review the representative hereditary cerebrovascular diseases.

Key words: stroke, genes, dominant, cerebrovascular circulation