Clinical characteristics of patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants in novel coronavirus

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2023.07.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants in novel coronavirus. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, and the clinical data were collected from patients infected with Omicron variant (51 cases) and Delta variant (45 cases) admitted in our hospital from December 2021 to March 2022. The clinical baseline data and chest CT imaging characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results Both groups had the onset of the disease in all age groups, with more children and women in the Omicron variant group than in the Delta variant group (P<0.01). The Omicron variant group was mainly light and the Delta variant group was mainly ordinary, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in vaccination status between the two groups. Fever and sore throat were the main symptoms in both groups, with the rate of fever significantly higher in the Omicron variant group than the Delta variant group (86.3% vs 51.5%, P<0.01). The number of patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) abnormalities in the Omicron variant group was less than that in the Delta variant group (P<0.01), and there were fewer changes in the first imaging feature of chest CT (2.0% vs 73.3%, P<0.05). After treatment, the nasopharyngeal swab test in the Omicron variant group showed a significantly shorter nucleic acid conversion time compared to the Delta variant group (29.96±8.17 days vs 25.82±10.73 days, P=0.013). In addition, compared with nasopharyngeal swab test, the anal swab test had a significantly shorter nucleic acid conversion time in the Omicron variant group (P<0.01). The serum IgG level was (6.504±1.33) S/CO at admission, which increased to (218.6±14.51) S/CO after one week (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the serum IgM level was (0.05±0.01) S/CO at admission, and it showed an increasing trend after one week, with an average of (1.205±0.22) S/CO (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with Delta variant, the Omicron variant group was mainly mild, with fever and sore throat as the main manifestations. The pulmonary CT showed less and slight changes in the imaging characteristics of COVID-19. The nasopharyngeal swab test of the Omicron variant group showed a longer nucleic acid conversion time compared to the Delta variant group. In addition, serum levels of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with Omicron variant were negative or low at admission, which increased significantly 1 week after onset.

Key words: COVID-19, Omicron variant, Delta variant, clinical features

CLC Number:

R563.12

Huang Huayan, Lin Chunguang, Wu Changru, Chen Yongdong, Huang Huanmou. Clinical characteristics of patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants in novel coronavirus[J]. Clinical Focus, 2023, 38(7): 600-605.

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URL: https://huicui.hebmu.edu.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2023.07.003

https://huicui.hebmu.edu.cn/EN/Y2023/V38/I7/600

Figures/Tables 7

References 24

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特征	Omicron变异株感染组(n=51)	Delta变异株感染组(n=45)	χ²/Z值	P值
年龄
0~14岁	19(37.30)	1(2.20)	15.729	<0.01
15~59岁	28(54.90)	43(95.60)	18.458	<0.01
≥60岁	4(7.84)	1(2.20)	0.603	0.437^*
性别
男女	22(43.10) 29(56.90)	36(80.0) 9(20.0)	13.584	<0.01
吸烟史
有无	0 51(100.00)	5(11.10) 40(88.90)		0.020^*
合并基础疾病
高血压	0	4(8.90)		0.045^*
糖尿病	0	1(2.20)		0.469^*
脑梗死	1(2.00)	0(0.00)		1.000^*
呼吸疾病	0	2(4.40)		0.217^*
消化疾病	1(2.00)	2(4.40)	0.012	0.912
慢性肝炎	0	2(4.40)		0.217^*
临床分型
轻型	50(98.00)	17(37.80)	38.369	<0.01
普通型	1(2.00)	25(55.55)	32.111	<0.01
重型	0	2(4.44)		0.217^*
危重型	0	1(2.22)		0.469^*
接种疫苗史
是否	43(84.30) 8(15.70)	41(91.10) 4(8.90)	0.484	0.487

特征	Omicron变异株感染组(n=51)	Delta变异株感染组(n=45)	χ²/Z值	P值
年龄
0~14岁	19(37.30)	1(2.20)	15.729	<0.01
15~59岁	28(54.90)	43(95.60)	18.458	<0.01
≥60岁	4(7.84)	1(2.20)	0.603	0.437^*
性别
男女	22(43.10) 29(56.90)	36(80.0) 9(20.0)	13.584	<0.01
吸烟史
有无	0 51(100.00)	5(11.10) 40(88.90)		0.020^*
合并基础疾病
高血压	0	4(8.90)		0.045^*
糖尿病	0	1(2.20)		0.469^*
脑梗死	1(2.00)	0(0.00)		1.000^*
呼吸疾病	0	2(4.40)		0.217^*
消化疾病	1(2.00)	2(4.40)	0.012	0.912
慢性肝炎	0	2(4.40)		0.217^*
临床分型
轻型	50(98.00)	17(37.80)	38.369	<0.01
普通型	1(2.00)	25(55.55)	32.111	<0.01
重型	0	2(4.44)		0.217^*
危重型	0	1(2.22)		0.469^*
接种疫苗史
是否	43(84.30) 8(15.70)	41(91.10) 4(8.90)	0.484	0.487

症状	Omicron变异株感染组(n=51)	Delta变异株感染组(n=45)	χ²/Z值	P值
发热	44(86.30)	23(51.50)	14.020	<0.01
咳嗽	35(68.60)	27(60.00)	0.778	0.378
咽痛	15(29.40)	4(8.90)	5.116	0.024
鼻塞	2(3.90)	0(0.00)		0.497^*
腹泻	3(5.90)	0(0.00)		0.245^*
乏力	11(21.60)	7(15.60)	0.567	0.451
肌肉酸痛	2(3.90)	0(0.00)		0.497^*

症状	Omicron变异株感染组(n=51)	Delta变异株感染组(n=45)	χ²/Z值	P值
发热	44(86.30)	23(51.50)	14.020	<0.01
咳嗽	35(68.60)	27(60.00)	0.778	0.378
咽痛	15(29.40)	4(8.90)	5.116	0.024
鼻塞	2(3.90)	0(0.00)		0.497^*
腹泻	3(5.90)	0(0.00)		0.245^*
乏力	11(21.60)	7(15.60)	0.567	0.451
肌肉酸痛	2(3.90)	0(0.00)		0.497^*

项目	正常范围	Omicron变异株感染组(n=51)	Delta变异株感染组(n=45)	χ²/Z值	P值
WBC计数	4~10
<4×10⁹/L		3(5.90)	0		0.245^*
4~10×10⁹/L		48(94.10)	44(97.8)	0.147	0.701
>10×10⁹/L		0(0.00)	1(2.20)		0.469^*
LYM计数	0.8~4
<0.8×10⁹/L		10(19.60)	4(8.90)	2.205	0.138
0.8~4×10⁹/L		37(72.50)	39(86.70)	2.889	0.089
>4×10⁹/L		4(7.80)	2(4.40)	0.070	0.792
ALT	0~40
≤40 U/L >40 U/L		46(90.20) 5(9.80)	32(71.10) 13(28.90)	5.716	0.017
AST	0~37
≤37 U/L >37 U/L		43(84.30) 8(15.70)	40(88.90) 5(11.10)	0.427	0.513
LDH	80~285
≤285 U/L >285 U/L		50(98.00) 1(2.00)	44(97.80) 1(2.20)	0.000	1.000
CK	20~250
≤250 U/L >250 U/L		48(94.10) 3(5.90)	44(97.80) 1(2.20)	0.147	0.701
D-二聚体	0~500
≤500 μg/L >500 μg/L		42(82.40) 9(17.60)	32(71.10) 13(28.90)	1.710	0.191
CRP	0~5
≤5 mg/L >5 mg/L		26(51.00) 25(49.00)	42(93.30) 3(6.70)	18.757	<0.01
CT阳性表现
毛玻璃影		1(2.00)	26(57.80)	34.135	<0.01
实变影		0(0.00)	6(13.30)		0.009^*
弥漫病灶影		0(0.00)	1(2.20)		0.469^*