Abstract: Objective   To explore the effect of smoking status on longterm cardiovascular adverse events in male patients with heart failure. Methods   A total of ninetyeight male patients with heart failure diagnosed between January 2013 and June 2018 were enrolled in the study. The patients' age, body mass index, course of disease, cardiac function grading, blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), history of underlying diseases  and medication were recorded. Patients were divided into those who had never smoked, those who had quit smoking and those who were current smokers according to their smoking status. The patients were followed up for one year until June 30, 2019, and their clinical outcomes were recorded. Major cardiovascular adverse events included heart failure, death and cardiogenic death requiring hospitalization. Multivariate COX regression was used to analyze the effects of smoking status on longterm cardiovascular adverse events. Results  In this study, 40 patients(40.82%) had never smoked, 39 (39.80%)  had quit smoking, and 19 (19.39%) were current smokers.The difference of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, beta receptor blockers in patients with different smoking status was statistically significant(P<0.05). A oneyear followup showed there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of heart failure, allcause death and cardiac death among patients with different smoking status who required hospitalization (P<0.05C). The results of multivariate COX regression analysis showed that after excluding other factors, smoking was currently a risk factor for heart failure, allcause death and cardiogenic death requiring hospitalization(P<0.05). Conclusion  At present, smoking is a risk factor for longterm hospitalization, allcause death and cardiogenic death in male patients with heart failure. Clinicians should conduct health education for patients with heart failure and urge them to quit smoking to promote their longterm prognosis.

Key words: smoking, heart failure, adverse events