Abstract: Objective  Hypoparathyroid cardiomyopathy,  a rare heart disease  belonging to one of the few reversible forms of dilated cardiomyopathy,  is often misdiagnosed as unexplained or refractory heart failure.  The characteristics of hypoparathyroid cardiomyopathy were explored. Methods  PubMed,  SinoMed,  and Wanfang database were searched for the cases of hypoparathyroid cardiomyopathy who met the criterion. Statistical grouping method was used to analyze the literature. And the results were reported according to the systematic review and the PRISMA statement. Results  A total of 41 patients were screened,  women were the majority (68.29%). The average age of patients was  45.5  years. And the disease could be seen in all age groups. The most common cause of parathyroid cardiomyopathy was idiopathic parathyroid hypothyroidism (78.05%),  followed by parathyroid cardiomyopathy (17.07%) due to neck surgery. All patients were diagnosed as heart failure with different degrees of hypocalcemia. 51% of patients had a history of increased neuromuscular excitability,  and 90% had decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. The rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis were relatively high. Only 36% of patients were accurately diagnosed with parathyroid cardiomyopathy after admission to hospital. The correction of hypocalcemia was the key to treatment,  and 90% of patients had their heart function returned to normal after the normalization of serum calcium concentration. Conclusion  All patients with unexplained or refractory heart failure should be alert to the possibility of parathyroid cardiomyopathy.

Key words: hypothyroidism; , cardiomyopathy, , dilated, heart failure, reversible