临床荟萃 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 5-13.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2025.01.001

• 循证研究 •    下一篇

脑出血患者肺炎发生风险预测模型的系统评价

刘金腾1, 刘星宇1, 黄露梅1, 潘海龙2()   

  1. 1.扬州大学 护理学院·公共卫生学院,江苏 扬州 225009
    2.扬州大学附属医院 神经外科,江苏 扬州 225003
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 潘海龙,Email: phl3698@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省研究生实践创新计划——食管癌围术期二元群体健康教育工作坊的应用(SJCX23_2039)

The risk prediction models for pneumonia in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review

Liu Jinteng1, Liu Xingyu1, Huang Lumei1, Pan Hailong2()   

  1. 1. School of Nursing & School of Public Health,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
    2. Department of Neurosurgery,Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225003,China
  • Received:2023-08-14 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-01-17
  • Contact: Pan Hailong,Email:phl3698@126.com

摘要:

目的 系统分析、评价脑出血(ICH)患者肺炎发生的风险预测模型。方法 检索数据库包括Pubmed、Web of science、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Scopus、Ovid Medline、CNKI(中国知网)、WanFang Data(万方数据库)、VIP(维普数据库)、CBM(中国生物医学文献数据库)建库至2023年2月有关ICH患者肺炎发生风险预测模型的研究。安排2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据个体预后或诊断多变量预测模型的透明报告(TRIPOD)和预测模型偏倚风险评估量表(PROBAST)对纳入文献进行质量评价和风险偏倚及适应性评估。结果 共纳入12项相关研究,7项为注册登记研究,1项为巢式病例对照研究,3项为单中心病例对照研究,1项为回顾性队列研究;纳入研究多采用logistic回归和机器学习进行建模; 8项研究进行内部验证,2项研究仅为外部验证,2项研究分别采用内部和外部验证;模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.740~0.920;12项研究中预测因子的范围为4~11个,常见的预测因子为年龄、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表评分、吞咽困难、吸烟、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、鼻胃管喂养;9项研究进行了模型校准,3项研究没有进行模型校准;模型呈现形式主要以风险评分、风险计算公式和列线图为主。纳入研究质量中等且存在较高的偏倚风险。结论 当前ICH患者肺炎发生风险预测模型具有不错的预测能力,预测因子较易获得,但也存在显著的缺陷和高偏倚性。未来,研究者应遵循TRIPOD报告和PROBAST声明开展预测模型研究,总结现有模型优缺点,并进行外部验证,从而开发出预测性能优良,使用简便的ICH患者肺炎发生的风险预测模型。

关键词: 脑出血, 肺炎, 预测模型, 系统评价

Abstract:

Objective To systematically analyze and evaluate the risk prediction model for pneumonia in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Articles reporting risk prediction model for pneumonia in ICH patients published prior to February 2023 were searched in the online databases of Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Ovid Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang Data, VIP and CBM (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database). Two researchers were independently responsible for screening literature and extracting data. The quality of the literature included in this study was rigorously evaluated, and both the risk of bias and adaptability were assessed in accordance with the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individal Prognosis or Diagnosis(TRIPOD), and the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool(PROBAST). Results A total of 12 relevant studies were included, involving 7 registered studies, 1 ovarian case-control study, 3 single-center case-control studies, and 1 retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression and machine learning were used for modeling. Eight studies were validated internally, 2 studies were only validated externally, and 2 studies were validated both. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.740-0.920. The range of predictors in the 12 studies ranged from 4 to 11, and the common predictors were the age, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, the Glasgow Coma Scale score, dysphagia, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and nasogastric tube feeding. Model calibration was performed in 9 studies and not in 3 studies. The model was mainly presented in the form of risk score, risk calculation formula and nomogram. The included studies exhibited moderate quality and a high risk of bias. Conclusion The current model for predicting the risk of pneumonia in ICH patients demonstrates good predictive ability, and the predictive factors are relatively easy to obtain. However, there are also significant defects and high bias. In future research, it is recommended that researchers adhere to the TRIPOD guideline and PROBAST statement when conducting prediction model studies. It is important to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of existing models and to conduct external verification, thus developing a risk prediction model for pneumonia in ICH patients with excellent predictive performance and ease of use.

Key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, pneumonia, prediction model, systematic review

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