Abstract: Objective  To explore risk factors of metabolic syndrome（MS） in different gender patients  with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Methods  Totally 3 251  T2DM patients were chosen to carry on a retrospective casecontrol study， general information and laboratory examination among different gender patients with MS and without MS were compared， and the risk factors of MS in different gender T2DM patients were analyzed by using binary logistic regression analysis. Results  ①High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) was a protective factor of MS in male T2DM patients; age， family history of diabetes， smoking history，body mass index(BMI)，systolic blood pressure(SBP)，diastolic blood pressure(DBP)， triglyceride(TG)，serum uric acid(SUA) and renal complication were risk factors of MS in male T2DM patients. ②HDLC was a protective factor of MS in female T2DM patients; age，BMI，SBP，TG and HbAlc were risk factors of MS in female T2DM patients. Conclusion  The high risk factors should be focused on screening for MS of different gender T2DM patients.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, type 2, metabolic syndrome X；sex , distribution；risk factors